Handoff in ns2 (Handoff between Wlan and UMTS networks)

Vertical Handoff means handoff is between two network access points or Base Stations that uses the different network access technologies.


Steps of Vertical Handoff


1.System Discovery: 

                              Mobile terminals equipped with multiple interfaces deploy a system discovery agent to determine which networks can be used and the services available in each network. 

2. Handoff decision: 

                               Based on several parameters like RSS, availability of free channel and service charges, the mobile devices determine which network it should connect to.

3. Handoff execution: 

                                The connections are rerouted from the existing network to the new network in a seamless manner.

Input Parameters of Vertical Handoff process

1. Available Bandwidth (BAV): It is the amount of unused bandwidth of the candidate Base Station (BS) or Access point (AP).WLAN have greater bandwidth than cellular Network (UMTS).


2. Speed of mobile terminal (VMT ): It is the velocity with which the mobile terminal (MT) is moving. For high speed MT, UMTS is preferred because of greater coverage area.


3. Number of Users (UN): The QoS of WLAN is UN sensitive. As the number of users increase, the collisions increase and results in poor QoS.


4. Received Signal Strength (RSS): It is the strength of the signal received, as the RSS of the neighboring network rises above the threshold the Vertical Handoff is feasible i.e. the handoff takes place if and only if RSS of the BS or AP is above the threshold.

Handoff in ns2: (TCL scripts)

 

remove-all-packet-headers  
 add-packet-header MPEG4 MAC_HS RLC LL Mac RTP TCP IP Common Flags  
  set val(x)      1000  
  set val(y)      1000  
 set ns [new Simulator]  
 global ns  
 set f [open out.tr w]  
 $ns trace-all $f  
 set namtrace [open log.nam w]  
 $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y)  
 #set f0 [open proj_simple.tr w]  
 proc finish {} {  
   global ns  
   global f namtrace  
   $ns flush-trace  
   close $f   
  close $namtrace  
   puts " Simulation ended."  
     exec nam log.nam &  
     exit 0  
     exit 0  
 }  
 #for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {  
  #    $ns initial_node_pos $n($i) 30+i*100  
 #}  
 #$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) setdest 76.0 224.0 30000.0"  
 #$ns at 0.0 "$n(0) label node_0"  
 #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
 $ns set debug_ 0  
 $ns set hsdschEnabled_ 1  
 $ns set hsdsch_rlc_set_ 0  
 $ns set hsdsch_rlc_nif_ 0  
 $ns node-config -UmtsNodeType rnc  
 # Node address is 0.  
 set rnc [$ns create-Umtsnode]  
 $ns node-config -UmtsNodeType bs \  
           -downlinkBW 32kbs \  
           -downlinkTTI 10ms \  
           -uplinkBW 32kbs \  
           -uplinkTTI 10ms \  
    -hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \  
    -hs_downlinkBW 64kbs \  
 # Node address is 1.  
 set bs [$ns create-Umtsnode]  
 $ns setup-Iub $bs $rnc 622Mbit 622Mbit 15ms 15ms DummyDropTail 2000  
 $ns node-config -UmtsNodeType ue \  
           -baseStation $bs \  
           -radioNetworkController $rnc  
 # Node address for ue1 and ue2 is 2 and 3, respectively.  
 set ue1 [$ns create-Umtsnode]  
 set ue2 [$ns create-Umtsnode]  
 # Node address for sgsn0 and ggsn0 is 4 and 5, respectively.  
 set sgsn0 [$ns node]  
 set ggsn0 [$ns node]  
 # Node address for node1 and node2 is 6 and 7, respectively.  
 set node1 [$ns node]  
 set node2 [$ns node]  
 $ns duplex-link $rnc $sgsn0 622Mbit 0.4ms DropTail 1000  
 $ns duplex-link $sgsn0 $ggsn0 622MBit 10ms DropTail 1000  
 $ns duplex-link $ggsn0 $node1 10MBit 15ms DropTail 1000  
 $ns duplex-link $node1 $node2 10MBit 35ms DropTail 1000  
 $rnc add-gateway $sgsn0  
 set tcp0 [new Agent/UDP]  
 $tcp0 set fid_ 0  
 $tcp0 set prio_ 2  
 $ns at 0.0 "$node1 label Node1"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$node2 label Node2"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$ue1 label Umtsnode1"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$ue2 label Umtsnode2"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$bs label Base_Station"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$bs label Base_Station"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$sgsn0 label Node_1"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$ggsn0 label Node_2"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$rnc label Node_0"  
 $node1 set X_ 119.0  
 $node1 set Y_ 38.0  
 $node1 set Z_ 0.0  
 $bs set X_ 31.0  
 $bs set Y_ 35.0  
 $bs set Z_ 0.0  
 $node2 set X_ 138.0  
 $node2 set Y_ 3.0  
 $node2 set Z_ 0.0  
 $ue1 set X_ 7.0  
 $ue1 set Y_ 72.0  
 $ue1 set Z_ 0.0  
 $ue2 set X_ 66.0  
 $ue2 set Y_ 77.0  
 $ue2 set Z_ 0.0  
 $sgsn0 set X_ 71.0  
 $sgsn0 set Y_ 37.0  
 $sgsn0 set Z_ 0.0  
 $ggsn0 set X_ 101.0  
 $ggsn0 set Y_ 2.0  
 $ggsn0 set Z_ 0.0  
 $rnc set X_ 58.0  
 $rnc set Y_ 4.0  
 $rnc set Z_ 0.0  
 $ns attach-agent $rnc $tcp0  
 set ftp0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]  
 $ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0  
 set sink0 [new Agent/Null]  
 $sink0 set fid_ 0  
 $ns attach-agent $ue1 $sink0  
 $ns connect $tcp0 $sink0  
 $ns node-config -llType UMTS/RLC/UM \  
           -downlinkBW 64kbs \  
           -uplinkBW 64kbs \  
           -downlinkTTI 20ms \  
           -uplinkTTI 20ms \  
    -hs_downlinkTTI 2ms \  
    -hs_downlinkBW 64kbs  
 $ns create-hsdsch $ue1 $sink0  
 $bs setErrorTrace 0 "/home/naveen/idealtrace"  
 $bs setErrorTrace 1 "/home/naveen/idealtrace"  
 $bs loadSnrBlerMatrix "/home/naveen/SNRBLERMatrix"  
 #set dch0 [$ns create-dch $ue1 $sink0]  
 $ue1 trace-inlink $f 1  
 $bs trace-outlink $f 1  
 #$rnc trace-inlink-tcp $f 0  
 # tracing for all hsdpa traffic in downtarget  
 $rnc trace-inlink-tcp $f 0  
 $bs trace-outlink $f 2  
 # per UE  
 $ue1 trace-inlink $f 2  
 $ue1 trace-outlink $f 3  
 $bs trace-inlink $f 3  
 $ue1 trace-inlink-tcp $f 2  
 #______________________________________________________________  
  set val(chan)     Channel/WirelessChannel ;# channel type  
  set val(prop)     Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model  
  set val(ant)     Antenna/OmniAntenna   ;# Antenna type  
  set val(ll)      LL            ;# Link layer type  
  set val(ifq)     Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface queue type  
  set val(ifqlen)    2000           ;# max packet in ifq  
  set val(netif)    Phy/WirelessPhy     ;# network interface type  
  set val(mac)     Mac/802_11        ;# MAC type  
  set val(nn)      51            ;# number of mobilenodes  
  set val(rp)      OPTG          ;# routing protocol  
  set umtsflow "umtsflow"  
  set umts "umts"   
  set topo [new Topography]  
 $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)  
 #===========================================================================  
 create-god $val(nn)  
 #===========================================================================  
 set chan_1 [new $val(chan)]  
 $ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \  
          -llType $val(ll) \  
          -macType $val(mac) \  
          -ifqType $val(ifq) \  
          -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \  
          -antType $val(ant) \  
          -propType $val(prop) \  
          -phyType $val(netif) \  
          -topoInstance $topo \  
          -agentTrace ON \  
          -routerTrace ON \  
          -macTrace ON \  
          -movementTrace OFF \  
          -channel $chan_1  \  
             -energyModel EnergyModel \  
             -initialEnergy 20 \  
             -txPower 0.09 \  
             -rxPower 0.08 \  
             -idlePower 0.0 \  
             -sensePower 0.0175  
 set n(0) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(0) color blue"  
 $n(0) color red  
 $n(0) shape "circle"  
 set n(1) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(1) color red"  
 $n(1) color red  
 $n(1) shape "circle"  
 set n(2) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(2) color darkgreen"  
 $n(2) color red  
 $n(2) shape "circle"  
 #-------------------  
 set n(7) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(7) color red"  
 $n(7) color red  
 $n(7) shape "circle"  
 set n(8) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(8) color red"  
 $n(8) color red  
 $n(8) shape "circle"  
 set n(9) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(9) color red"  
 $n(9) color red  
 $n(9) shape "circle"  
 set n(10) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(10) color red"  
 $n(10) color red  
 $n(10) shape "circle"  
 set n(11) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(11) color red"  
 $n(11) color red  
 $n(11) shape "circle"  
 set n(12) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(12) color red"  
 $n(12) color red  
 $n(12) shape "circle"  
 set n(13) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(13) color red"  
 $n(13) color red  
 $n(13) shape "circle"  
 set n(14) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(14) color red"  
 $n(14) color red  
 $n(14) shape "circle"  
 set n(15) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(15) color red"  
 $n(15) color red  
 $n(15) shape "circle"  
 set n(16) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(16) color red"  
 $n(16) color red  
 $n(16) shape "circle"  
 set n(17) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(17) color red"  
 $n(17) color red  
 $n(0) shape "circle"  
 set n(18) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(18) color red"  
 $n(18) color red  
 $n(18) shape "circle"  
 set n(19) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(19) color red"  
 $n(19) color red  
 $n(19) shape "circle"  
 set n(20) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(20) color red"  
 $n(20) color red  
 $n(20) shape "circle"  
 set n(21) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(21) color darkgreen"  
 $n(21) color red  
 $n(21) shape "circle"  
 set n(22) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(22) color red"  
 $n(22) color red  
 $n(22) shape "circle"  
 set n(23) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(23) color red"  
 $n(23) color red  
 $n(23) shape "circle"  
 set n(24) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(24) color red"  
 $n(24) color red  
 $n(24) shape "circle"  
 set n(25) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(25) color red"  
 $n(25) color red  
 $n(25) shape "circle"  
 set n(26) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(26) color darkgreen"  
 $n(26) color red  
 $n(26) shape "circle"  
 set n(27) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(27) color red"  
 $n(27) color red  
 $n(27) shape "circle"  
 set n(28) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(28) color red"  
 $n(28) color green  
 $n(28) shape "square"  
 set n(29) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(29) color red"  
 $n(29) color green  
 $n(29) shape "square"  
 set n(30) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(30) color darkgreen"  
 $n(30) color green  
 $n(30) shape "circle"  
 set n(31) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(31) color red"  
 $n(31) color green  
 $n(31) shape "circle"  
 set n(32) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(32) color red"  
 $n(32) color green  
 $n(32) shape "circle"  
 set n(33) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(33) color red"  
 $n(33) color green  
 $n(33) shape "circle"  
 set n(34) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(34) color darkgreen"  
 $n(34) color green  
 $n(34) shape "circle"  
 set n(35) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(35) color red"  
 $n(35) color green  
 $n(35) shape "square"  
 set n(36) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(36) color red"  
 $n(36) color green  
 $n(36) shape "square"  
 set n(37) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(37) color red"  
 $n(37) color green  
 $n(37) shape "circle"  
 set n(38) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(38) color darkgreen"  
 $n(38) color green  
 $n(38) shape "square"  
 set n(39) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(39) color red"  
 $n(39) color green  
 $n(39) shape "square"  
 set n(40) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(40) color red"  
 $n(40) color green  
 $n(40) shape "circle"  
 set n(41) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(41) color red"  
 $n(41) color green  
 $n(41) shape "circle"  
 set n(42) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(42) color red"  
 $n(42) color green  
 $n(42) shape "circle"  
 set n(43) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(43) color red"  
 $n(43) color green  
 $n(43) shape "circle"  
 set n(44) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(44) color red"  
 $n(44) color green  
 $n(44) shape "circle"  
 set n(45) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(45) color darkgreen"  
 $n(45) color green  
 $n(45) shape "square"  
 set n(46) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(46) color red"  
 $n(46) color green  
 $n(46) shape "square"  
 set n(47) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(47) color red"  
 $n(47) color green  
 $n(47) shape "circle"  
 set n(48) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(48) color red"  
 $n(48) color green  
 $n(48) shape "square"  
 set n(50) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(50) color darkgreen"  
 $n(50) color green  
 $n(50) shape "square"                                                            
 set n(49) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(49) color darkgreen"  
 $n(49) color green  
 $n(49) shape "square"  
 #--------  
 set n(6) [$ns node]  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(6) color red"  
 $ns at 2.81 "$n(6) color green"  
 $ns at 2.82 "$n(6) color red"  
 $ns at 2.83 "$n(6) color green"  
 $ns at 2.84 "$n(6) color red"  
 $ns at 2.85 "$n(6) color green"  
 $ns at 2.86 "$n(6) color red"  
 $ns at 2.87 "$n(6) color green"  
 $ns at 2.88 "$n(6) color red"  
 $ns at 2.89 "$n(6) color green"  
 $ns at 2.90 "$n(6) color red"  
 $ns at 3.83 "$n(40) color green"  
 $ns at 3.84 "$n(40) color red"  
 $ns at 3.842 "$n(40) color green"  
 $ns at 3.845 "$n(40) color red"  
 $ns at 3.85 "$n(40) color green"  
 $ns at 3.86 "$n(40) color red"  
 $n(6) color red  
 $n(6) shape "circle"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(0) label WLAN_NODE1"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(1) label WLAN_NODE2"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(2) label WLAN_BaseStation"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(50) label NODE"  
 $n(0) label-color black  
 $n(1) label-color black  
 $n(2) label-color black  
 for {set i 0} {$i < 3} {incr i} {  
     $ns initial_node_pos $n($i) 10+i*10  
 }  
 $n(0) set X_ 58.0  
 $n(0) set Y_ 136.0  
 $n(0) set Z_ 0.0  
 $n(2) set X_ 34.0  
 $n(2) set Y_ 104.0  
 $n(2) set Z_ 0.0  
 $n(1) set X_ 0.5  
 $n(1) set Y_ 136.0  
 $n(1) set Z_ 0.0  
 $n(6) set X_ 6.0  
 $n(6) set Y_ 94.0  
 $n(6) set Z_ 0.0  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(0) setdest 58.0 136.0 100000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(2) setdest 25.0 111.0 100000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(1) setdest 0.5 136.0 100000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(6) setdest 6.0 94.0 100000.0"  
 $ns at 2.0 "$n(6) setdest 46.0 76.0 100.0"  
 $ns at 2.6 "$n(6) setdest 46.0 66.0 10.0"  
 #---  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(7) setdest 300.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(8) setdest 300.0 700.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(9) setdest 300.0 900.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(10) setdest 500.0 100.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(11) setdest 500.0 300.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(12) setdest 500.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(13) setdest 500.0 700.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(14) setdest 500.0 900.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(15) setdest 700.0 100.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(16) setdest 700.0 300.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(17) setdest 700.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(18) setdest 700.0 700.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(19) setdest 700.0 900.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(20) setdest 900.0 100.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(21) setdest 900.0 300.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(22) setdest 900.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(23) setdest 900.0 700.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(24) setdest 900.0 900.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(25) setdest 579.0 425.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(26) setdest 450.0 10.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(27) setdest 999.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(28) setdest 999.0 700.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(29) setdest 999.0 300.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(30) setdest 749.0 189.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(31) setdest 850.0 300.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(32) setdest 750.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(33) setdest 550.0 700.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(34) setdest 550.0 900.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(35) setdest 220.1 257.1 10000.0"  
 $ns at 4.4 "$n(35) setdest 51.1 91.1 100.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(36) setdest 400.0 10.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(37) setdest 649.0 500.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(38) setdest 419.0 610.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(39) setdest 349.0 300.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(40) setdest 150.0 100.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(41) setdest 250.0 400.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(42) setdest 350.0 550.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(43) setdest 450.0 750.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(44) setdest 550.0 950.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(45) setdest 314.1 135.1 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(46) setdest 550.0 50.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(47) setdest 784.0 372.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(48) setdest 649.0 750.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(49) setdest 749.0 450.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 0.0 "$n(50) setdest 8.0 186.0 10000.0"  
 $ns at 4.0 "$n(50) setdest 30.0 147.0 100.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(8) setdest 100.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(9) setdest 100.0 100.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(10) setdest 700.0 300.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(11) setdest 700.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(12) setdest 500.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(13) setdest 300.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(14) setdest 300.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(15) setdest 700.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(16) setdest 900.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(17) setdest 500.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(18) setdest 500.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(19) setdest 300.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(20) setdest 900.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(21) setdest 900.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(22) setdest 700.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(23) setdest 100.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(24) setdest 100.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(27) setdest 999.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(28) setdest 999.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.1 "$n(29) setdest 999.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(30) setdest 950.0 100.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(31) setdest 850.0 300. 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(32) setdest 750.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(33) setdest 550.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(34) setdest 550.0 900.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(35) setdest 50.1 0.1 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(36) setdest 400.0 10.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(37) setdest 649.0 500.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(38) setdest 549.0 700.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(39) setdest 349.0 300.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 2.8 "$n(40) setdest 83.0 111.0 100.0"  
 $ns at 3.5 "$n(40) setdest 95.0 67.0 100.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(41) setdest 250.0 400.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(42) setdest 350.0 550.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(43) setdest 450.0 750.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(44) setdest 550.0 950.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(45) setdest 50.1 50.1 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(46) setdest 550.0 50.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(47) setdest 849.0 550.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(48) setdest 649.0 750.0 10.0"  
 $ns at 3.0 "$n(49) setdest 749.0 450.0 10.0"  
 #--  
 set sink9 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink10 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink11 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink15 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink16 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink17 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink18 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink19 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink20 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink21 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink22 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink23 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink24 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink25 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink26 [new Agent/LossMonitor]     
 set sink27 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink28 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink29 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink30 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink31 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink32 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink33 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink34 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink35 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink36 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink37 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink38 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink39 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink40 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink41 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink42 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink43 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink44 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink45 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink46 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink47 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink48 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 set sink49 [new Agent/LossMonitor]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(0) $sink9  
 $ns attach-agent $n(1) $sink10  
 $ns attach-agent $n(2) $sink11  
 $ns attach-agent $n(6) $sink15  
 $ns attach-agent $n(16) $sink16  
 $ns attach-agent $n(17) $sink17  
 $ns attach-agent $n(18) $sink18  
 $ns attach-agent $n(19) $sink19  
 $ns attach-agent $n(20) $sink20  
 $ns attach-agent $n(21) $sink21  
 $ns attach-agent $n(22) $sink22  
 $ns attach-agent $n(23) $sink23  
 $ns attach-agent $n(24) $sink24  
 $ns attach-agent $n(25) $sink25  
 $ns attach-agent $n(26) $sink26  
 $ns attach-agent $n(27) $sink27  
 $ns attach-agent $n(28) $sink28  
 $ns attach-agent $n(29) $sink29  
 $ns attach-agent $n(30) $sink30  
 $ns attach-agent $n(31) $sink31  
 $ns attach-agent $n(32) $sink32  
 $ns attach-agent $n(33) $sink33  
 $ns attach-agent $n(34) $sink34  
 $ns attach-agent $n(35) $sink35  
 $ns attach-agent $n(36) $sink36  
 $ns attach-agent $n(37) $sink37  
 $ns attach-agent $n(38) $sink38  
 $ns attach-agent $n(39) $sink39  
 $ns attach-agent $n(40) $sink40  
 $ns attach-agent $n(41) $sink41  
 $ns attach-agent $n(42) $sink42  
 $ns attach-agent $n(43) $sink43  
 $ns attach-agent $n(44) $sink44  
 $ns attach-agent $n(45) $sink45  
 $ns attach-agent $n(46) $sink46  
 $ns attach-agent $n(47) $sink47  
 $ns attach-agent $n(48) $sink48  
 $ns attach-agent $n(49) $sink49  
 set tcp9 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(0) $tcp9  
 set tcp10 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(1) $tcp10  
 set tcp11 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(2) $tcp11set tcp15 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(6) $tcp15  
 set tcp16 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(16) $tcp16  
 set tcp17 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(17) $tcp17  
 set tcp18 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(18) $tcp18  
 set tcp19 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(19) $tcp19  
 set tcp20 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(20) $tcp20  
 set tcp21 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(21) $tcp21  
 set tcp22 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(22) $tcp22  
 set tcp23 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(23) $tcp23  
 set tcp24 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(24) $tcp24  
 set tcp25 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(25) $tcp25  
 set tcp26 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(26) $tcp26  
 set tcp27 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(27) $tcp27  
 set tcp28 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(28) $tcp28  
 set tcp29 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(29) $tcp29  
 set tcp30 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(30) $tcp30  
 set tcp31 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(31) $tcp31  
 set tcp32 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(32) $tcp32  
 set tcp33 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(33) $tcp33  
 set tcp34 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(34) $tcp34  
 set tcp35 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(35) $tcp35  
 set tcp36 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(36) $tcp36  
 set tcp37 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(37) $tcp37  
 set tcp38 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(38) $tcp38  
 set tcp39 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(39) $tcp39  
 set tcp40 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(40) $tcp40  
 set tcp41 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(41) $tcp41  
 set tcp42 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(42) $tcp42  
 set tcp43 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(43) $tcp43  
 set tcp44 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(44) $tcp44  
 set tcp45 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(45) $tcp45  
 set tcp46 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(46) $tcp46  
 set tcp47 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(47) $tcp47  
 set tcp48 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(48) $tcp48  
 set tcp49 [new Agent/TCP]  
 $ns attach-agent $n(49) $tcp49  
 source umts  
 proc attach-CBR-traffic { node sink size interval } {  
   #Get an instance of the simulator  
   set ns [Simulator instance]  
   #Create a CBR agent and attach it to the node  
   set cbr [new Agent/CBR]  
   $ns attach-agent $node $cbr  
   $cbr set packetSize_ $size  
   $cbr set interval_ $interval  
   #Attach CBR source to sink;  
   $ns connect $cbr $sink  
   return $cbr  
  }  
 #======================================================================================  
 set cbr2112 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(0) $sink11 500 .03]  
 set cbr2113 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(14) $sink34 500 .03]  
 set cbr2114 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(44) $sink34 500 .03]  
 set cbr2115 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(17) $sink49 500 .03]  
 set cbr2116 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(32) $sink49 500 .03]  
 set cbr2117 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(31) $sink21 500 .03]  
 set cbr2118 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(29) $sink21 500 .03]  
 set cbr2119 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(47) $sink49 500 .03]  
 set cbr2120 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(36) $sink26 500 .03]  
 set cbr2121 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(46) $sink26 500 .03]  
 set cbr2122 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(30) $sink15 500 .03]  
 set cbr2123 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(20) $sink30 500 .03]  
 set cbr2124 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(42) $sink38 500 .03]  
 set cbr2125 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(13) $sink38 500 .03]  
 set cbr2126 [attach-CBR-traffic $n(41) $sink45 500 .03]  
 $ns at 0.1 "$cbr2112 start"  
 $ns at 0.192 "$cbr2113 start"  
 $ns at 0.167 "$cbr2114 start"  
 $ns at 0.1001 "$cbr2115 start"  
 $ns at 0.155 "$cbr2116 start"  
 $ns at 0.142 "$cbr2117 start"  
 $ns at 0.131 "$cbr2118 start"  
 $ns at 0.121 "$cbr2119 start"  
 $ns at 0.111 "$cbr2120 start"  
 $ns at 0.1911 "$cbr2121 start"  
 $ns at 0.2111 "$cbr2122 start"  
 $ns at 0.241 "$cbr2123 start"  
 $ns at 0.2 "$cbr2124 start"  
 $ns at 0.21 "$cbr2125 start"  
 $ns at 0.241 "$cbr2125 start"  
 #===================================================================================  
 $ns at 0.0 "$ftp0 start"  
 $ns at 16.0 "$ftp0 stop"  
 $ns at 16.401 "finish"  
 puts " Simulation is running ... please wait ..."  
 $ns run  

Outputs and Graphs: